Reflections on Global Security in a Changing World
As we gather during the eighty-first year of the United Nations, it is essential to acknowledge that the framework for international security, which has been developed over many years, must not be taken for granted. The current geopolitical landscape is marked by increasing volatility and strategic competition, as highlighted in a recent address by our Prime Minister to the UN General Assembly.
We are currently witnessing a significant and systematic assault on the information landscape by hostile entities such as Russia, affecting not only the United Kingdom but also many of our allies. The rapid pace of technological advancement is also introducing new security challenges, necessitating a renewed commitment to the principles that have long underpinned global peace and security. These include the respect for sovereignty, territorial integrity, and a strict adherence to international law.
The United Kingdom remains a firm advocate for these principles and the international system that supports them. We take pride in upholding our values and the rule of law, which includes raising the stakes for Russia regarding its unlawful actions in Ukraine and addressing Iran’s disregard for its nuclear obligations, as well as the DPRK’s illicit nuclear and ballistic missile activities.
Pursuing Progress Amidst Challenges
Despite the challenging security landscape, there are opportunities for progress. Recently, after more than a decade of deliberation regarding Lethal Autonomous Weapons Systems, the Group of Governmental Experts on LAWS, under the adept leadership of Dutch Ambassador Robert in Den Bosch, reached an agreement on a framework for a potential future instrument. This development is promising.
Moreover, we are on the verge of establishing recommendations to fortify the Biological Weapons Convention, which includes suggestions for enhancing international cooperation and assistance. These recommendations will also empower States to better respond to the threats and opportunities posed by emerging technologies such as Frontier AI.
In May, the eleventh Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) Review Conference was convened in New York. Although we regret that the Conference did not result in a consensus outcome, the absence of a conclusive document does not diminish the significance of the treaty or the unwavering commitment of States Parties to its execution. The Conference highlighted considerable common ground among the three pillars of the treaty, encompassing themes such as transparency, risk reduction, safeguards, peaceful applications, and the shared goal of preventing nuclear proliferation.
Commitment to Defence and International Cooperation
The priorities of the United Kingdom in this context are unequivocal. We will persist in investing in our defence, fulfilling our NATO obligations, and enhancing European capabilities. This commitment is not driven by a desire for confrontation but stems from the necessity to protect our citizens and allies in light of the threats posed by hostile states.
Our ongoing support for the institutions and frameworks that uphold the international non-proliferation regime remains steadfast. This includes robust backing for the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) and its safeguards system, as well as the responsible and peaceful application of nuclear technology and the promotion of Nuclear Weapon Free Zones.
Furthermore, the United Kingdom is dedicated to the long-term objective of achieving a world free of nuclear weapons. Progress towards this aim must be practical, realistic, and capable of garnering widespread international backing. During our tenure as Chair of the P5 Process, we have sought to enhance engagement on issues of transparency, risk reduction, and strategic stability, recognising the importance of dialogue even in challenging times.
Addressing New Threats in the Global Landscape
We will actively work worldwide to uphold and implement the Chemical and Biological Weapons Conventions, reinforcing the global ban on such weapons and ensuring accountability for their use. The Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW) plays an essential role in safeguarding our collective security, and we commend their efforts in assisting the Syrian Government to dismantle the remnants of the Assad regime’s chemical weapons programme.
Additionally, we are committed to managing the risks associated with conflict in outer space through practical measures that enhance transparency, build confidence, and mitigate risks. Our support for the mandate of the Open-Ended Working Group on the Prevention of an Arms Race in Outer Space (OEWG on PAROS) remains unwavering, even as some States attempt to reinterpret this mandate, which could lead to a regression into past rivalries.
Embracing the Future of AI and Humanity
In the face of escalating global conflicts, we will defend the norms of humanitarian arms control. Frontier AI represents one of the most significant challenges and opportunities of our era. As articulated by His Majesty King Charles during a recent meeting with leaders from the largest AI firms, our challenge is to ensure that technological advancement serves humanity, rather than undermines it.
This is why the United Kingdom plans to place AI at the forefront of our G20 Presidency next year, focusing on harnessing the positive potential of AI while also addressing its associated risks.
As we commemorate over eighty years of the United Nations, the United Kingdom reaffirms its dedication to the UN Charter, international law, and effective multilateralism. We pledge to collaborate constructively with all partners, embracing a spirit of pragmatism and dialogue, to bolster international peace and security and tackle the challenges that lie ahead.
Thank you.